2008比賽題目及附件.mht</ti= tle>  <style>  </style>  </head> <body lang=3DZH-TW link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple style=3D'tab-interval:13.9pt;= text-justify-trim: punctuation'> <div class=3DSection1 style=3D'layout-grid:18.0pt'> 200= 8年理律盃校際法律= ;系所學生模擬法庭辯&#= 35542;賽<o:= p></o:p> <o:= p> </o:p> 比賽題目<o:= p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <![if !supportLists]>1. </spa= n><![endif]>有賴比瑞亞籍散裝= ;貨輪「奧古斯都」號&#= 28415;載礦砂，自A</= span>地航向B</= span>地途中，在公海上= ;因船舶維修不力，突&#= 22833;動力，加以船長遲ó= 10;發出請求拖船協助，= 以致於船舶漂流至鄰= 6817;我國著名觀光海域௚= 0;公海上擱淺，船身破&= #35010;，船艙內燃油大量= 322;出。雖然船東委託國= ;際除油專家前往處理&#= 65292;但因值冬季，海象ø= 01;劣，雖經抽取部分燃= 油，但因無法有效布= 2622;欄油索，以致大批ୠ= 3;油隨著海流擴散至我&= #22283;海域。<o:= p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]>2. </spa= n><![endif]>我國環保機關，除= ;出動大批人力清除海&#= 38754;殘油，並僱工清除ĵ= 77;岩上附著油污外，因= 淹沒於水面下的油艙= 1097;餘燃油仍不斷溢出ᦁ= 2;且裝載的礦砂尚待移&= #38500;，環保機關乃要求!= 337;東應儘速移除船貨，= ;抽除船上存油，並應&#= 23559;船體移至適當地點Č= 20;置。因船東遲未進行= 移除工作，環保機關= 6368;後花費500= 萬美元，將船體殘= ;骸拖至適當海域沈沒&#= 12290;<o:= p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]>3. </spa= n><![endif]>由於油污污染地點= ;原為我國著名觀光海&#= 23736;，更是潛水者視為ĝ= 07;水天堂的海域，經遭= 受污染後，遊客銳減= 5292;海底珊瑚礁大量死ߜ= 9;，漁獲減少，環保機&= #38364;乃要求船東負起賠= 767;責任。<o:= p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]>4. </spa= n><![endif]>談判結果，雙方除= ;就清除油污費用，達&#= 25104;和解外，其餘部分ʌ= 92;雙方爭執不下。環保= 機關遂在遭受污染海= 2495;所在地法院起訴請૓= 4;船東、船長與輪機長&= #12289;及責任保險人賠償A= 306;(1)= 珊瑚復育費用美金= ;500= 萬元，(2)= 漁業復育費用美金= ;200= 萬元，(3)= 稅收及觀光損失美= ;金100= 萬元，(4)= 船舶殘骸移除費用= ;美金500= 萬元。<o:= p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]>5. </spa= n><![endif]>原告的主張為：奧= ;古斯都號船長，未及&#= 26178;請求拖船救援，以Ō= 68;失去動力的「奧古斯= 都號」漂流數日後，= 2066;致擱淺，船身破裂ࡡ= 0;油料外洩，顯然有重&= #22823;過失。另輪機長未$= 969;當保養維修致船舶在= ;航行中突失動力，而&#= 33337;長及輪機長在下船ą= 78;竟未將航海日誌攜帶= 下船，致後續事件無= 7861;進行調查，並增加଀= 5;除油污困難。依我國&= #32147;濟海域及大陸礁層= 861;第13<= /span>條規定，在專屬經= ;濟海域或大陸礁層之&#= 27963;動，除法律另有規ê= 50;外，不得損害天然資= 源或破壞自然生態，= 3560;屬經濟海域或大陸ఙ= 7;層天然資源或自然生&= #24907;，因行為人故意或$= 942;失致損害或破壞時，= ;該行為人與其雇用人&#= 36000;連帶賠償責任。另ä= 06;依據海洋污染防治法= 第33<= /span>條第1</= span>項：船舶對海域污= ;染產生之損害，船舶&#= 25152;有人應負賠償責任z= 90;第34<= /span>條規定：污染損害= ;之賠償請求權人，得&#= 30452;接向責任保險人請ĕ= 14;賠償。另外，船東等= 人拒絕移除船舶殘骸= 5292;而由原告負擔費用ࠠ= 8;行移除，原告當然得&= #35531;求返還該等移除費= 992;。<o:= p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]>6. </spa= n><![endif]>被告責任保險人、= ;船東，船長及輪機長&#= 21063;抗辯：(1)= 我國法院就本案無= ;管轄權，因該船事故&#= 30332;生在公海上，非在û= 05;國領海內。且我國非= 200= 1年國際燃油污染損= ;害責任公約簽約國（</= span>Int= ernational Convention on Civil liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001<= span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:MingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times = New Roman"'>），並非最適合管= ;轄法院。另外，責任&#= 20445;險人並非侵權行為É= 54;，本件無以侵權行為= 地定管轄法院之可能= 2290;反觀責任保險人國౮= 1;的挪威為該公約簽約&= #22283;，應由挪威法院管$= 676;。(2)= 事故發生在公海上= ;，不應適用我國之海&#= 27915;污染防治法及經濟Ę= 23;域及大陸礁層法等我= 國法律，而應適用前= 5581;公約。(3)= 有關珊瑚復育、漁= ;業復育費等支出及觀&#= 20809;稅收等損失與油污ĉ= 79;無關。(4)= 船東就本事件無故= ;意或過失，依前揭公&#= 32004;，不負賠償責任。</spa= n>(5)= 即或應負賠償責任= ;，亦依197= 6年海事索賠責任限= ;制公約之規定，主張&#= 36012;任限制。(6)= 就船舶移除費用，= ;船東抗辯船舶殘骸並&#= 38750;污染物，因此船東È= 06;無依海洋污染防治法= 移除該殘骸之義務；= 9988;縱設有此義務，船੘= 1;主張依我國海商法第<= /span>21<= /span>條第1</= span>項第3</= span>款規定，有關船貨= ;移除費用，得主張限&#= 21046;責任。<o:= p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> 爭點分析<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> 一、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 法༉= 8;管轄：<o:= p></o:p> 原告在受污染海岸= ;所在地地方法院起訴&#= 65292;列責任保險人、船Ĉ= 81;、船長及輪機長等為= 被告，主張污染發生= 2320;在我國境內，我國ૢ= 1;院有管轄權。被告等&= #25239;辯雖然依我國法，= 405;權行為地在我國，但= ;責任保險人非侵權行&#= 28858;人，且我國非200= 1年國際燃油污染損= ;害責任公約簽約國，&#= 25033;以責任保險人國籍ʌ= 92;且係上開公約簽約國= 之該國法院為最適宜= 0340;管轄法院。<o:= p></o:p> 二、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 準ਕ= 8;法<o:= p></o:p> 如在我國法院審判= ;，應優先適用我國內&#= 22283;法或國際公約？原×= 78;主張被害人為我國政= 府，行為發生在我國= 5292;應以我國法為準據ૢ= 1;。被告則抗辯應依國&= #38555;公約為準據法，蓋= 197;國際公約係考量海洋= ;污染之國際性而訂，&#= 26222;遍為國際社會承認ʌ= 92;應優先內國法適用。= <o:= p></o:p> 三、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 污੡= 9;損害賠償責任是否為&= #28961;過失責任：<o:= p></o:p> 原告主張海洋污染= ;責任，證明過失不易&#= 65292;為保護海洋資源，ú= 33;屬無過失責任。被告= 則辯稱，無過失即無= 6064;償為侵權行為法則௚= 0;重要原則，應屬過失&= #36012;任。<o:= p></o:p> 四、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 船੘= 1;或責任保險人就污染&= #25613;害賠償能否主張限= 046;責任？<o:= p></o:p> 被告船東及責任保= ;險人抗辯，即使渠等&#= 25033;負污染損害賠償責Ê= 19;，依我國海商法第<= span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:MingLiU'>21<= /span>條及相關國際公約= ;，得主張限制責任。&#= 21407;告則主張船東及責Ê= 19;保險人就污染損害賠= 償，不得主張限制責= 0219;。海洋污染造成之ਁ= 3;害賠償，非海商法第<= /span>21<= /span>條第1</= span>項各款之損害或債= ;務。<o:= p></o:p> 五、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 船അ= 4;殘骸是否屬於污染物&= #65292;而有海洋污染防治= 861;之適用？<o:= p></o:p> 原告求返還代墊之= ;船體殘骸移置費用，&#= 20027;張船舶殘骸為污染Ĥ= 89;，如不移置將造成污= 染源，移置費用是減= 3569;損害之必要支出。ඪ= 7;告則抗辯船體殘骸非&= #27745;染物，無移除必要= 290;<o:= p></o:p> 六、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 船੘= 1;就船舶殘骸移除費用&= #65292;能否主張責任限制A= 311;<o:= p></o:p> 原告主張依我國海= ;洋污染防治法，船東&#= 31561;就海污染本身造成È= 43;損害，並無責任限制= 之規定。被告則抗辯= 5292;即使海污染在國際ࠤ= 4;約上亦均得主張責任&= #38480;制。<o:= p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p= > <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> 辯༺= 8;附件一<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p= > 海૧= 5;污染防治法第33<= /span>條：<o:= p></o:p> <pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>船舶對海域污染產= ;生之損害，船舶所有&#= 20154;應負賠償責任。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>船舶總噸位四百噸ߣ= 7;上之一般船舶及總噸&= #20301;一百五十噸以上之= 833;輪或化學品船，其船= ;舶所有人應依船舶總&#= 22136;位，投保責任保險û= 10;提供擔保，並不得停= 止或終止保險契約或= 5552;供擔保。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>前項責任保險或擔߼= 5;之額度，由中央主管&= #27231;關會商財政部定之= 290;<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>前條及第一項所定അ= 7;舶所有人，包括船舶&= #25152;有權人、船舶承租= 154;、經理人及營運人。= ;<o:p>= </o:p></pre> <o:p> </o:p= > 海૧= 5;污染防治法第34<= /span>條：<o:= p></o:p> <pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>污染損害之賠償請= ;求權人，得直接向責&#= 20219;保險人請求賠償或ì= 01;擔保求償之。<o:p>= </o:p></pre> <o:p> </o:p= > 專ा= 0;經濟海域或大陸礁層&= #27861;第13<= /span>條：<o:= p></o:p> <pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>在中華民國專屬經= ;濟海域或大陸礁層之&#= 27963;動，除法律另有規ê= 50;者外，不得損害天然= 資源或破壞自然生態= 2290;<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>中華民國專屬經濟૲= 3;域或大陸礁層天然資&= #28304;或自然生態，因行= 858;人故意或過失致損害= ;或破壞時，該行為人&#= 33287;其雇用人應負連帶Ũ= 64;償責任。<o:p>= </o:p></pre> <o:p> </o:p= > <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <h1 style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'>辯題附件二 <![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></h1> <h3 style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justi= fy: inter-ideograph;layout-grid-mode:char'>INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE<o:p></o:p></h3> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 1 </= span>(Definitions) <o:p></o:p> For the purp= oses of this Convention: <o:p></o:p> 1. «Ship» mean= s any seagoing vessel and seaborne craft, of any type whatsoever. <o:p></o:p></sp= an> 2. «Person» means any indi= vidual or partnership or any public or private body, whether corporate or not, including a State or any of its constituent subdivisions. <o:p>= </o:p> 3. «Shipowner» means the o= wner, including the registered owner, bareboat charterer, manager and operator of= the ship. <o:p></o:p> 4. «Registered owner» means the person or persons registered as the owner of the ship or, in the absence of registration, the person or persons owning the ship. However, in the case of a ship owned by a State and operated by= a company which in that State is registered as the ship’s operator, «registered owner» shall mean such company. <o:p></o:p></= span> 5. «Bunker oil» means any hydrocarbon mineral oil, including lubricating oil, used or inten= ded to be used for the operation or propulsion of the ship, and any residues of such oil. <o:p></o:p> 6. «Civil Liability Convention&r= aquo; means the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Dam= age, 1992, as amended. <o:p></o:p> 7. «Preventive measures» means any reasonable measures taken by any person after an incident has occurred to prevent or minimize pollution damage. <o:p></o:p><= /span> 8. «Incident» means any occurrence or series of occurrences having the same origin, which causes pollution damage or creates a grave and imminent threat of causing such dam= age. <o:p></o:p> 9. «Pollution damage» means: <o:p></o:p> (a) loss or damage caused outside= the ship by contamination resulting from the escape or discharge of bunker oil = from the ship, wherever such escape or discharge may occur, provided that compensation for impairment of the environment other than loss of profit fr= om such impairment shall be limited to costs of reasonable measures of reinstatement actually undertaken or to be undertaken; and <o:p></o:p></spa= n> (b) the costs of preventive measu= res and further loss or damage caused by preventive measures. <o:p></o:p>= 10.<s= pan lang=3DTR style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-farea= st-font-family: MingLiU;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'> = «State of the ship's registry» means, in relation to a registered ship, the State of registration of the ship and, in relation to = an unregistered ship, the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly. <o:p><= /o:p> 11.<s= pan lang=3DTR style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-farea= st-font-family: MingLiU;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'> = «Gross tonnage» means gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the tonnage measurement regulations contained in Annex 1 of= the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969. = <o:p></o:p> 12. «Organization» means the International Maritime Organization. <o:p></o:p> 13<sp= an lang=3DTR style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-farea= st-font-family: MingLiU;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'>. = «S= ecretary-General» means the Secretary-General of the Organization. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 2 </= span>(Scope of application) <o:p></o:p> This Convent= ion shall apply exclusively: <o:p></o:p> <p style=3D'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1= 8.0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.8;layout-grid-mode:char'>(a) to pollution damage caused: <o:p></o:p> (i) in the territory, including t= he territorial sea, of a State Party, and <o:p></o:p> (ii) in the exclusive economic zone of a= State Party, established in accordance with international law, or, if a State Par= ty has not established such a zone, in an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea of that State determined by that State in accordance with international law and extending not more than 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of its territorial sea is measured; <o:p><= /o:p> <p style=3D'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1= 8.0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.8;layout-grid-mode:char'>(b) to preventi= ve measures, wherever taken, to prevent or minimize such damage. <o:p></o:p></= span> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 3 </= span>(Liability of the shipowner) <o:p></o:p> 1. Except as provided in p= aragraphs 3 and 4, the shipowner at the time of an incident shall be liable for pollu= tion damage caused by any bunker oil on board or originating from the ship, prov= ided that, if an incident consists of a series of occurrences having the same origin, the liability shall attach to the shipowner at the time of the firs= t of such occurrences. <o:p></o:p> 2. Where more than one per= son is liable in accordance with paragraph 1, their liability shall be joint and several. <o:p></o:p> 3. No liability for pollut= ion damage shall attach to the shipowner if the shipowner proves that: <o:p></o= :p> (a) the dama= ge resulted from an act of war, hostilities, civil war, insurrection or a natu= ral phenomenon of an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible character; or <o:= p></o:p> (b) the dama= ge was wholly caused by an act or omission done with the intent to cause damag= e by a third party; or <o:p></o:p> (c) the dama= ge was wholly caused by the negligence or other wrongful act of any Government= or other authority responsible for the maintenance of lights or other navigati= onal aids in the exercise of that function. <o:p></o:p> 4. If the shipowner proves= that the pollution damage resulted wholly or partially either from an act or omission done with intent to cause damage by the person who suffered the da= mage or from the negligence of that person, the shipowner may be exonerated whol= ly or partially from liability to such person. <o:p></o:p> 5. No claim for compensati= on for pollution damage shall be made against the shipowner otherwise than in accordance with this Convention. <o:p></o:p> 6. Nothing in this Convent= ion shall prejudice any right of recourse of the shipowner which exists independently of this Convention. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 4 </= span>(Exclusions) <o:p></o:p> 1. This Convention shall n= ot apply to pollution damage as defined in the Civil Liability Convention, whe= ther or not compensation is payable in respect of it under that Convention. <o:p= ></o:p> 2. Except as provided in paragraph 3, the provisions of this Convention shall not apply to warships, naval auxiliary or other ships owned or operated by a State and used, for t= he time being, only on Government non-commercial service. <o:p></o:p></= p> 3. A State Party may decid= e to apply this Convention to its warships or other ships described in paragraph= 2, in which case it shall notify the Secretary-General thereof specifying the terms and conditions of such application. <o:p></o:p> 4. With respect to ships o= wned by a State Party and used for commercial purposes, each State shall be subj= ect to suit in the jurisdictions set forth in article 9 and shall waive all defences based on its status as a sovereign State. <o:p></o:p> <o:p></o:p> Article 5 </= span>(Incidents involving two or more ships) <o:p></o:p> When an inci= dent involving two or more ships occurs and pollution damage results therefrom, = the shipowners of all the ships concerned, unless exonerated under article 3, s= hall be jointly and severally liable for all such damage which is not reasonably separable. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 6 </= span>(Limitation of liability) <o:p></o:p> Nothing in t= his Convention shall affect the right of the shipowner and the person or persons providing insurance or other financial security to limit liability under any applicable national or international regime, such as the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976, as amended. <o:p></o:p><= /span> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 7&nb= sp; (Compulsory insurance or financial security) <o:p></o:p> 1. The registered owner of= a ship having a gross tonnage greater than 1000 registered in a State Party s= hall be required to maintain insurance or other financial security, such as the guarantee of a bank or similar financial institution, to cover the liability of the registered owner for pollution damage in an amount equal t= o the limits of liability under the applicable national or international limitati= on regime, but in all cases, not exceeding an amount calculated in accordance = with the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976, as amended. <o:p></o:p> 2. A certificate attesting= that insurance or other financial security is in force in accordance with the provisions of this Convention shall be issued to each ship after the appropriate authority of a State Party has determined that the requirements= of paragraph 1 have been complied with. With respect to a ship registere= d in a State Party such certificate shall be issued or certified by the appropri= ate authority of the State of the ship’s registry; with respect to a ship= not registered in a State Party it may be issued or certified by the appropriate authority of any State Party. This certificate shall be in the form of the model set out in the annex to this Convention and shall contain the followi= ng particulars: <o:p></o:p> (a) name of ship, distinctive num= ber or letters and port of registry; <o:p></o:p> (b) name and principal place of business of the registered owner; <o:p></o:p> (c) IMO ship identification numbe= r; <o:p></o:p> (d) type and duration of security= ; <o:p></o:p> (e) name and principal place of business of insurer or other person giving security and, where appropriate, place of business where the insurance or security is established; <o:p></o:= p> (f) period of validity of the certificate which shall not be longer than the period of validity of the insurance or other security. <o:p></o:p> <p style=3D'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:3= 6.0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-36.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>3. (a)<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> A State Party may authorize e= ither an institution or an organization recognized by it to issue the certificate referred to in paragraph 2. Such institution or organization shall inform t= hat State of the issue of each certificate. In all cases, the State Party shall fully guarantee the completeness and accuracy of the certificate so issued = and shall undertake to ensure the necessary arrangements to satisfy this obligation. <o:p></o:p> (b) A State Party shall notify the Secretary-General of : <o:p></o:p> (i) the spec= ific responsibilities and conditions of the authority delegated to an institutio= n or organization recognised by it; <o:p></o:p> (ii) the withdrawal of such authority; and <o:p></o:p> (iii) the da= te from which such authority or withdrawal of such authority takes effect. <o:= p></o:p> An authority delegated shall not take effe= ct prior to three months from the date on which notification to that effect was given to the Secretary-General. <o:p></o:p> (c) The institution or organization authorized to issue certificates in accordance with this paragraph shall, a= s a minimum, be authorized to withdraw these certificates if the conditions und= er which they have been issued are not maintained. In all cases the institution or organization shall report such withdrawal to the State on wh= ose behalf the certificate was issued. <o:p></o:p> 4. The certificate shall b= e in the official language or languages of the issuing State. If the language us= ed is not English, French or Spanish, the text shall include a translation into one of these languages and, where the State so decides, the official langua= ge of the State may be omitted. <o:p></o:p> 5. The certificate shall be carried on board the ship and a copy shall be deposited with the authorities who keep the record of the ship's registry or, if the ship is not registere= d in a State Party, with the authorities issuing or certifying the certificate. = <o:p></o:p> 6. An insurance or other financial security shall not satisfy the requirements of this article if it= can cease, for reasons other than the expiry of the period of validity of the insurance or security specified in the certificate under paragraph 2 of this article, before three months have elapsed from the date on which notice of = its termination is given to the authorities referred to in paragraph 5 of this article, unless the certificate has been surrendered to these authorities o= r a new certificate has been issued within the said period. The foregoing provisions shall similarly apply to any modification which results in the insurance or security no longer satisfying the requirements of this article= . <o:p></o:p> 7. The State of the ship&#= 8217;s registry shall, subject to the provisions of this article, determine the conditions of issue and validity of the certificate. <o:p></o:p> 8. Nothing in this Convent= ion shall be construed as preventing a State Party from relying on information obtained from other States or the Organization or other international organisations relating to the financial standing of providers of insurance = or financial security for the purposes of this Convention. In such cases, the State Party relying on such information is not relieved of its responsibili= ty as a State issuing the certificate required by paragraph 2. <o:p></o:p></sp= an> 9. Certificates issued or certified under the authority of a State Party shall be accepted by other States Parties for the purposes of this Convention and shall be regarded by other States Parties as having the same force as certificates issued or certified by them even if issued or certified in respect of a ship not registered in a State Party. A State Party may at any time request consulta= tion with the issuing or certifying State should it believe that the insurer or guarantor named in the insurance certificate is not financially capable of meeting the obligations imposed by this Convention. <o:p></o:p> 10. Any claim for compensation for poll= ution damage may be brought directly against the insurer or other person providing financial security for the registered owner’s liability for pollution damage. In such a case the defendant may invoke the defences (other than bankruptcy or winding up of the shipowner) which the shipowner would have b= een entitled to invoke, including limitation pursuant to article 6. Furthermore, even if the shipowner is not entitled to limitation of liabili= ty according to article 6, the defendant may limit liability to an amount equa= l to the amount of the insurance or other financial security required to be maintained in accordance with paragraph 1. Moreover, the defendant may invoke the defence that the pollution damage resulted from the wilful misconduct of the shipowner, but the defendant shall not invoke any other defence which the defendant might have been entitled to invoke in proceedin= gs brought by the shipowner against the defendant. The defendant shall in any event have the right to require the shipowner to be joined in the proceedings. <o:p></o:p> 11. A State Party shall not permit a sh= ip under its flag to which this article applies to operate at any time, unless= a certificate has been issued under paragraphs 2 or 14. <o:p></o:p></sp= an> 12. Subject to the provisions of this article, each State Party shall ensure, under its national law, that insura= nce or other security, to the extent specified in paragraph 1, is in force in respect of any ship having a gross tonnage greater than 1000, wherever registered, entering or leaving a port in its territory, or arriving at or leaving an offshore facility in its territorial sea. <o:p></o:p></spa= n> 13. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 5, a State Party may notify the Secretary-General that, for the purposes of paragraph 12, ships are not required to carry on board or to produce the certificate required by paragraph 2, when entering or leaving p= orts or arriving at or leaving from offshore facilities in its territory, provid= ed that the State Party which issues the certificate required by paragraph 2 h= as notified the Secretary-General that it maintains records in an electronic format, accessible to all States Parties, attesting the existence of the certificate and enabling States Parties to discharge their obligations under paragraph 12. <o:p></o:p> 14. If insurance or other financial sec= urity is not maintained in respect of a ship owned by a State Party, the provisio= ns of this article relating thereto shall not be applicable to such ship, but = the ship shall carry a certificate issued by the appropriate authority of the S= tate of the ship's registry stating that the ship is owned by that State and that the ship's liability is covered within the limit prescribed in accordance w= ith paragraph 1. Such a certificate shall follow as closely as possible the mod= el prescribed by paragraph 2. <o:p></o:p> 15. A State may, at the time of ratific= ation, acceptance, approval of, or accession to this Convention, or at any time thereafter, declare that this article does not apply to ships operating exclusively within the area of that State referred to in article 2(a)(i). <= o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 8 </= span>(Time limits) <o:p></o:p> Rights to compensation under this Convention shall be extinguished unless an action is brought thereunder within three years from the date when the damage occurre= d. However, in no case shall an action be brought more than six years from the date of the incident which caused the damage. Where the incident consists o= f a series of occurrences, the six years’ period shall run from the date = of the first such occurrence. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 9 </= span>(Jurisdiction) <o:p></o:p> 1. Where an incident has c= aused pollution damage in the territory, including the territorial sea, or in an = area referred to in article 2(a)(ii) of one or more States Parties, or preventive measures have been taken to prevent or minimise pollution damage in such territory, including the territorial sea, or in such area, actions for compensation against the shipowner, insurer or other person providing secur= ity for the shipowner's liability may be brought only in the courts of any such States Parties. <o:p></o:p> 2. Reasonable notice of any action taken under paragraph 1 shall be given to each defendant. <o:p></o:p= > 3. Each State Party shall = ensure that its courts have jurisdiction to entertain actions for compensation und= er this Convention. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 10 <= /span>(Recognition and enforcement) <o:p></o:p> 1. Any judgement given by a Court with jurisdiction in accordance with article 9 which is enforceable in the State of origin where it is no longer subject to ordinary forms of revi= ew, shall be recognised in any State Party, except: <o:p></o:p> (a) where the judgement was obtai= ned by fraud; or <o:p></o:p> (b) where the defendant was not g= iven reasonable notice and a fair opportunity to present his or her case. <o:p><= /o:p> 2. A judgement recognised = under paragraph 1 shall be enforceable in each State Party as soon as the formali= ties required in that State have been complied with. The formalities shall not permit the merits of the case to be re-opened. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 11 <= /span>(Supersession Clause) <o:p></o:p> This Convent= ion shall supersede any Convention in force or open for signature, ratification= or accession at the date on which this Convention is opened for signature, but only to the extent that such Convention would be in conflict with it; howev= er, nothing in this article shall affect the obligations of States Parties to States not party to this Convention arising under such Convention. <o:p></o= :p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 12 <= /span>(Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and accession) <o:p= ></o:p> 1. This Convention shall b= e open for signature at the Headquarters of the Organization from 1 October 2001 u= ntil 30 September 2002 and shall thereafter remain open for accession. <o:p></o:= p> 2. States may express their consent to be bound by this Convention by: <o:p></o:p> (a) signature without reservation= as to ratification, acceptance or approval; <o:p></o:p> (b) signature subject to ratifica= tion, acceptance or approval followed by ratification, acceptance or approval; or= <o:p></o:p> (c) accession. <o:p></o:p>= 3. Ratification, acceptanc= e, approval or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effe= ct with the Secretary-General. <o:p></o:p> 4. Any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited after the entry i= nto force of an amendment to this Convention with respect to all existing State Parties, or after the completion of all measures required for the entry into force of the amendment with respect to those State Parties shall be deemed = to apply to this Convention as modified by the amendment. <o:p></o:p></= p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 13 <= /span>(States with more than one system of law) <o:p></o:p> 1. If a State has two or m= ore territorial units in which different systems of law are applicable in relat= ion to matters dealt with in this Convention, it may at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession declare that this Convention shall extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them and may modify this declaration by submitting another declaration at any time. = <o:p></o:p> 2. Any such declaration sh= all be notified to the Secretary-General and shall state expressly the territorial units to which this Convention applies. <o:p></o:p> 3. In relation to a State = Party which has made such a declaration: <o:p></o:p> (a) in the definition of “registered owner” in article 1(4), references to a State shall= be construed as references to such a territorial unit; <o:p></o:p> (b) references to the State of a ship’s registry and, in relation to a compulsory insurance certificat= e, to the issuing or certifying State, shall be construed as referring to the territorial unit respectively in which the ship is registered and which iss= ues or certifies the certificate; <o:p></o:p> (c) references in this Convention= to the requirements of national law shall be construed as references to the requirements of the law of the relevant territorial unit; and <o:p></o:p></= span> (d) references in articles 9 and = 10 to courts, and to judgements which must be recognized in States Parties, shall be construed as references respectively to courts of, and to judgemen= ts which must be recognized in, the relevant territorial unit. <o:p></o:p></sp= an> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 14 <= /span>(Entry into force) <o:p></o:p> 1. This Convention shall e= nter into force one year following the date on which eighteen States, including = five States each with ships whose combined gross tonnage is not less than 1 mill= ion, have either signed it without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval or have deposited instruments of ratification, acceptance, approva= l or accession with the Secretary?General. <o:p></o:p> 2. For any State which rat= ifies, accepts, approves or accedes to it after the conditions in paragraph 1 for entry into force have been met, this Convention shall enter into force three months after the date of deposit by such State of the appropriate instrument. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 15 <= /span>(Denunciation) <o:p></o:p> 1. This Convention may be denounced by any State Party at any time after the date on which this Convention comes into force for that State. <o:p></o:p> 2. Denunciation shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument with the Secretary-General. <o:p><= /o:p> 3. A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer period as may be specified in the instrument of denunciation, after its deposit with the Secretary-General. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 16 <= /span>(Revision or amendment) <o:p></o:p> 1. A conference for the pu= rpose of revising or amending this Convention may be convened by the Organization= . <o:p></o:p> 2. The Organization shall convene a conference of the States Parties for revising or amending this Convention at the request of not less than one-third of the States Parties.= <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 17 <= /span>(Depositary) <o:p></o:p> 1. This Convention shall be deposited with the Secretary-General. <o:p></o:p> 2. The Secretary-General s= hall: <o:p></o:p> (a) inform all States which have = signed or acceded to this Convention of: <o:p></o:p> (i) each = new signature or deposit of instrument together with the date thereof; <o= :p></o:p> (ii) the date of= entry into force of this Convention; <o:p></o:p> (iii) the deposit of any instrument of denunciation of this Convention together with the date of the deposit and the date on which the denunciation takes effect; and <o:p= ></o:p> (iv) other declaration= s and notifications made under this Convention. <o:p></o:p> (b) transmit certified true copie= s of this Convention to all Signatory States and to all States which accede to t= his Convention. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 18 <= /span>(Transmission to United Nations) <o:p></o:p> As soon as t= his Convention comes into force, the text shall be transmitted by the Secretary-General to the Secretariat of the United Nations for registration= and publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 19 <= /span>(Languages) <o:p></o:p> This Convent= ion is established in a single original in the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish languages, each text being equally authentic. <o:p></o:= p> Done at Lond= on this twenty-third day of March, two thousand and one.<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p= > <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> 辯༺= 8;附件三<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p= > 海ࢇ= 0;法第21<= /span>條:<o= :p></o:p> <pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideo= graph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>船舶所有人對下= 列事項所負之責任，= 0197;本次航行之船舶價ࠆ= 0;、運費及其他附屬費&= #28858;限：<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>一、 = ; 在船上、操作船= 舶或救助工作直接所= 3268;人身傷亡或財物毀ਁ= 3;滅失之損害賠償。<s= pan lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>二、 = ; 船舶操作或救助= 工作所致權益侵害之= 5613;害賠償。但不包括ࢰ= 0;契約關係所生之損害&= #36064;償。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>三、 = ; 沈船或落海之打= 撈移除所生之債務。= 0294;不包括依契約之報ຊ= 8;或給付。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>四、 = ; 為避免或減輕前= 二款責任所負之債務= 2290;<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>前項所稱船舶所= 有人，包括船舶所有= 7402;人、船舶承租人、ಎ= 7;理人及營運人。<o:p>= </o:p></pre> <o:p> </o:p= > 海ࢇ= 0;法第22<= /span>條:<o= :p></o:p> <pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.= 9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>前條&= #36012;任限制之規定，於= 979;列情形不適用之：= <o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>一、&= #26412;於船舶所有人本人= 043;故意或過失所生之債= ;務。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>二、&= #26412;於船長、海員及其= 182;服務船舶之人員之僱= ;用契約所生之債務。</= span><o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>三、&= #25937;助報酬及共同海損= 998;擔額。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>四、&= #33337;舶運送毒性化學物$= 074;或油污所生損害之賠= ;償。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>五、&= #33337;舶運送核子物質或= 290;料發生核子事故所生= ;損害之賠償。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>六、&= #26680;能動力船舶所生核= 376;損害之賠償。<o:p>= </o:p></pre></div> </body> </html> ------=_NextPart_01CAF07B.24A112E0 Content-Location: file:///C:/BB993F76/file2646.files/header.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" <html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"> <meta name=3DProgId content=3DWord.Document> <meta name=3DGenerator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name=3DOriginator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11"> <link id=3DMain-File rel=3DMain-File href=3D"../file2646.htm"> <![if IE]> <base href=3D"file:///C:\BB993F76\file2646.files\header.htm" id=3D"webarch_temp_base_tag"> <![endif]> </head> <body lang=3DZH-TW link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple> <div style=3D'mso-element:footnote-separator' id=3Dfs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1 width=3D"33%"> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:footnote-continuation-separator' id=3Dfcs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:endnote-separator' id=3Des> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1 width=3D"33%"> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:endnote-continuation-separator' id=3Decs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:header' id=3Dh1> <= o:p> </o:p> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:footer' id=3Df1> 7<o:p></o:= p> </div> </body> </html> ------=_NextPart_01CAF07B.24A112E0 Content-Location: file:///C:/BB993F76/file2646.files/filelist.xml Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/xml; 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MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_01CAF07B.24A112E0" 此文件是「單一檔案網頁」，亦稱為「網頁封存檔案」。若看到此訊息，表示您的瀏覽器或編輯器不支援「網頁封存檔案」。請下載支援「網頁封存」的瀏覽器，例如 Microsoft Internet Explorer。 ------=_NextPart_01CAF07B.24A112E0 Content-Location: file:///C:/BB993F76/file2646.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" 2008比賽題目及附件.mht</ti= tle>  <style>  </style>  </head> <body lang=3DZH-TW link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple style=3D'tab-interval:13.9pt;= text-justify-trim: punctuation'> <div class=3DSection1 style=3D'layout-grid:18.0pt'> 200= 8年理律盃校際法律= ;系所學生模擬法庭辯&#= 35542;賽<o:= p></o:p> <o:= p> </o:p> 比賽題目<o:= p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <![if !supportLists]>1. </spa= n><![endif]>有賴比瑞亞籍散裝= ;貨輪「奧古斯都」號&#= 28415;載礦砂，自A</= span>地航向B</= span>地途中，在公海上= ;因船舶維修不力，突&#= 22833;動力，加以船長遲ó= 10;發出請求拖船協助，= 以致於船舶漂流至鄰= 6817;我國著名觀光海域௚= 0;公海上擱淺，船身破&= #35010;，船艙內燃油大量= 322;出。雖然船東委託國= ;際除油專家前往處理&#= 65292;但因值冬季，海象ø= 01;劣，雖經抽取部分燃= 油，但因無法有效布= 2622;欄油索，以致大批ୠ= 3;油隨著海流擴散至我&= #22283;海域。<o:= p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]>2. </spa= n><![endif]>我國環保機關，除= ;出動大批人力清除海&#= 38754;殘油，並僱工清除ĵ= 77;岩上附著油污外，因= 淹沒於水面下的油艙= 1097;餘燃油仍不斷溢出ᦁ= 2;且裝載的礦砂尚待移&= #38500;，環保機關乃要求!= 337;東應儘速移除船貨，= ;抽除船上存油，並應&#= 23559;船體移至適當地點Č= 20;置。因船東遲未進行= 移除工作，環保機關= 6368;後花費500= 萬美元，將船體殘= ;骸拖至適當海域沈沒&#= 12290;<o:= p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]>3. </spa= n><![endif]>由於油污污染地點= ;原為我國著名觀光海&#= 23736;，更是潛水者視為ĝ= 07;水天堂的海域，經遭= 受污染後，遊客銳減= 5292;海底珊瑚礁大量死ߜ= 9;，漁獲減少，環保機&= #38364;乃要求船東負起賠= 767;責任。<o:= p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]>4. </spa= n><![endif]>談判結果，雙方除= ;就清除油污費用，達&#= 25104;和解外，其餘部分ʌ= 92;雙方爭執不下。環保= 機關遂在遭受污染海= 2495;所在地法院起訴請૓= 4;船東、船長與輪機長&= #12289;及責任保險人賠償A= 306;(1)= 珊瑚復育費用美金= ;500= 萬元，(2)= 漁業復育費用美金= ;200= 萬元，(3)= 稅收及觀光損失美= ;金100= 萬元，(4)= 船舶殘骸移除費用= ;美金500= 萬元。<o:= p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]>5. </spa= n><![endif]>原告的主張為：奧= ;古斯都號船長，未及&#= 26178;請求拖船救援，以Ō= 68;失去動力的「奧古斯= 都號」漂流數日後，= 2066;致擱淺，船身破裂ࡡ= 0;油料外洩，顯然有重&= #22823;過失。另輪機長未$= 969;當保養維修致船舶在= ;航行中突失動力，而&#= 33337;長及輪機長在下船ą= 78;竟未將航海日誌攜帶= 下船，致後續事件無= 7861;進行調查，並增加଀= 5;除油污困難。依我國&= #32147;濟海域及大陸礁層= 861;第13<= /span>條規定，在專屬經= ;濟海域或大陸礁層之&#= 27963;動，除法律另有規ê= 50;外，不得損害天然資= 源或破壞自然生態，= 3560;屬經濟海域或大陸ఙ= 7;層天然資源或自然生&= #24907;，因行為人故意或$= 942;失致損害或破壞時，= ;該行為人與其雇用人&#= 36000;連帶賠償責任。另ä= 06;依據海洋污染防治法= 第33<= /span>條第1</= span>項：船舶對海域污= ;染產生之損害，船舶&#= 25152;有人應負賠償責任z= 90;第34<= /span>條規定：污染損害= ;之賠償請求權人，得&#= 30452;接向責任保險人請ĕ= 14;賠償。另外，船東等= 人拒絕移除船舶殘骸= 5292;而由原告負擔費用ࠠ= 8;行移除，原告當然得&= #35531;求返還該等移除費= 992;。<o:= p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]>6. </spa= n><![endif]>被告責任保險人、= ;船東，船長及輪機長&#= 21063;抗辯：(1)= 我國法院就本案無= ;管轄權，因該船事故&#= 30332;生在公海上，非在û= 05;國領海內。且我國非= 200= 1年國際燃油污染損= ;害責任公約簽約國（</= span>Int= ernational Convention on Civil liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001<= span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:MingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times = New Roman"'>），並非最適合管= ;轄法院。另外，責任&#= 20445;險人並非侵權行為É= 54;，本件無以侵權行為= 地定管轄法院之可能= 2290;反觀責任保險人國౮= 1;的挪威為該公約簽約&= #22283;，應由挪威法院管$= 676;。(2)= 事故發生在公海上= ;，不應適用我國之海&#= 27915;污染防治法及經濟Ę= 23;域及大陸礁層法等我= 國法律，而應適用前= 5581;公約。(3)= 有關珊瑚復育、漁= ;業復育費等支出及觀&#= 20809;稅收等損失與油污ĉ= 79;無關。(4)= 船東就本事件無故= ;意或過失，依前揭公&#= 32004;，不負賠償責任。</spa= n>(5)= 即或應負賠償責任= ;，亦依197= 6年海事索賠責任限= ;制公約之規定，主張&#= 36012;任限制。(6)= 就船舶移除費用，= ;船東抗辯船舶殘骸並&#= 38750;污染物，因此船東È= 06;無依海洋污染防治法= 移除該殘骸之義務；= 9988;縱設有此義務，船੘= 1;主張依我國海商法第<= /span>21<= /span>條第1</= span>項第3</= span>款規定，有關船貨= ;移除費用，得主張限&#= 21046;責任。<o:= p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> 爭點分析<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> 一、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 法༉= 8;管轄：<o:= p></o:p> 原告在受污染海岸= ;所在地地方法院起訴&#= 65292;列責任保險人、船Ĉ= 81;、船長及輪機長等為= 被告，主張污染發生= 2320;在我國境內，我國ૢ= 1;院有管轄權。被告等&= #25239;辯雖然依我國法，= 405;權行為地在我國，但= ;責任保險人非侵權行&#= 28858;人，且我國非200= 1年國際燃油污染損= ;害責任公約簽約國，&#= 25033;以責任保險人國籍ʌ= 92;且係上開公約簽約國= 之該國法院為最適宜= 0340;管轄法院。<o:= p></o:p> 二、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 準ਕ= 8;法<o:= p></o:p> 如在我國法院審判= ;，應優先適用我國內&#= 22283;法或國際公約？原×= 78;主張被害人為我國政= 府，行為發生在我國= 5292;應以我國法為準據ૢ= 1;。被告則抗辯應依國&= #38555;公約為準據法，蓋= 197;國際公約係考量海洋= ;污染之國際性而訂，&#= 26222;遍為國際社會承認ʌ= 92;應優先內國法適用。= <o:= p></o:p> 三、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 污੡= 9;損害賠償責任是否為&= #28961;過失責任：<o:= p></o:p> 原告主張海洋污染= ;責任，證明過失不易&#= 65292;為保護海洋資源，ú= 33;屬無過失責任。被告= 則辯稱，無過失即無= 6064;償為侵權行為法則௚= 0;重要原則，應屬過失&= #36012;任。<o:= p></o:p> 四、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 船੘= 1;或責任保險人就污染&= #25613;害賠償能否主張限= 046;責任？<o:= p></o:p> 被告船東及責任保= ;險人抗辯，即使渠等&#= 25033;負污染損害賠償責Ê= 19;，依我國海商法第<= span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:MingLiU'>21<= /span>條及相關國際公約= ;，得主張限制責任。&#= 21407;告則主張船東及責Ê= 19;保險人就污染損害賠= 償，不得主張限制責= 0219;。海洋污染造成之ਁ= 3;害賠償，非海商法第<= /span>21<= /span>條第1</= span>項各款之損害或債= ;務。<o:= p></o:p> 五、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 船അ= 4;殘骸是否屬於污染物&= #65292;而有海洋污染防治= 861;之適用？<o:= p></o:p> 原告求返還代墊之= ;船體殘骸移置費用，&#= 20027;張船舶殘骸為污染Ĥ= 89;，如不移置將造成污= 染源，移置費用是減= 3569;損害之必要支出。ඪ= 7;告則抗辯船體殘骸非&= #27745;染物，無移除必要= 290;<o:= p></o:p> 六、<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> 船੘= 1;就船舶殘骸移除費用&= #65292;能否主張責任限制A= 311;<o:= p></o:p> 原告主張依我國海= ;洋污染防治法，船東&#= 31561;就海污染本身造成È= 43;損害，並無責任限制= 之規定。被告則抗辯= 5292;即使海污染在國際ࠤ= 4;約上亦均得主張責任&= #38480;制。<o:= p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p= > <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> 辯༺= 8;附件一<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p= > 海૧= 5;污染防治法第33<= /span>條：<o:= p></o:p> <pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>船舶對海域污染產= ;生之損害，船舶所有&#= 20154;應負賠償責任。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>船舶總噸位四百噸ߣ= 7;上之一般船舶及總噸&= #20301;一百五十噸以上之= 833;輪或化學品船，其船= ;舶所有人應依船舶總&#= 22136;位，投保責任保險û= 10;提供擔保，並不得停= 止或終止保險契約或= 5552;供擔保。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>前項責任保險或擔߼= 5;之額度，由中央主管&= #27231;關會商財政部定之= 290;<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>前條及第一項所定അ= 7;舶所有人，包括船舶&= #25152;有權人、船舶承租= 154;、經理人及營運人。= ;<o:p>= </o:p></pre> <o:p> </o:p= > 海૧= 5;污染防治法第34<= /span>條：<o:= p></o:p> <pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>污染損害之賠償請= ;求權人，得直接向責&#= 20219;保險人請求賠償或ì= 01;擔保求償之。<o:p>= </o:p></pre> <o:p> </o:p= > 專ा= 0;經濟海域或大陸礁層&= #27861;第13<= /span>條：<o:= p></o:p> <pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>在中華民國專屬經= ;濟海域或大陸礁層之&#= 27963;動，除法律另有規ê= 50;者外，不得損害天然= 資源或破壞自然生態= 2290;<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>中華民國專屬經濟૲= 3;域或大陸礁層天然資&= #28304;或自然生態，因行= 858;人故意或過失致損害= ;或破壞時，該行為人&#= 33287;其雇用人應負連帶Ũ= 64;償責任。<o:p>= </o:p></pre> <o:p> </o:p= > <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <h1 style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'>辯題附件二 <![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></h1> <h3 style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justi= fy: inter-ideograph;layout-grid-mode:char'>INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE<o:p></o:p></h3> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 1 </= span>(Definitions) <o:p></o:p> For the purp= oses of this Convention: <o:p></o:p> 1. «Ship» mean= s any seagoing vessel and seaborne craft, of any type whatsoever. <o:p></o:p></sp= an> 2. «Person» means any indi= vidual or partnership or any public or private body, whether corporate or not, including a State or any of its constituent subdivisions. <o:p>= </o:p> 3. «Shipowner» means the o= wner, including the registered owner, bareboat charterer, manager and operator of= the ship. <o:p></o:p> 4. «Registered owner» means the person or persons registered as the owner of the ship or, in the absence of registration, the person or persons owning the ship. However, in the case of a ship owned by a State and operated by= a company which in that State is registered as the ship’s operator, «registered owner» shall mean such company. <o:p></o:p></= span> 5. «Bunker oil» means any hydrocarbon mineral oil, including lubricating oil, used or inten= ded to be used for the operation or propulsion of the ship, and any residues of such oil. <o:p></o:p> 6. «Civil Liability Convention&r= aquo; means the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Dam= age, 1992, as amended. <o:p></o:p> 7. «Preventive measures» means any reasonable measures taken by any person after an incident has occurred to prevent or minimize pollution damage. <o:p></o:p><= /span> 8. «Incident» means any occurrence or series of occurrences having the same origin, which causes pollution damage or creates a grave and imminent threat of causing such dam= age. <o:p></o:p> 9. «Pollution damage» means: <o:p></o:p> (a) loss or damage caused outside= the ship by contamination resulting from the escape or discharge of bunker oil = from the ship, wherever such escape or discharge may occur, provided that compensation for impairment of the environment other than loss of profit fr= om such impairment shall be limited to costs of reasonable measures of reinstatement actually undertaken or to be undertaken; and <o:p></o:p></spa= n> (b) the costs of preventive measu= res and further loss or damage caused by preventive measures. <o:p></o:p>= 10.<s= pan lang=3DTR style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-farea= st-font-family: MingLiU;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'> = «State of the ship's registry» means, in relation to a registered ship, the State of registration of the ship and, in relation to = an unregistered ship, the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly. <o:p><= /o:p> 11.<s= pan lang=3DTR style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-farea= st-font-family: MingLiU;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'> = «Gross tonnage» means gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the tonnage measurement regulations contained in Annex 1 of= the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969. = <o:p></o:p> 12. «Organization» means the International Maritime Organization. <o:p></o:p> 13<sp= an lang=3DTR style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-farea= st-font-family: MingLiU;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'>. = «S= ecretary-General» means the Secretary-General of the Organization. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 2 </= span>(Scope of application) <o:p></o:p> This Convent= ion shall apply exclusively: <o:p></o:p> <p style=3D'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1= 8.0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.8;layout-grid-mode:char'>(a) to pollution damage caused: <o:p></o:p> (i) in the territory, including t= he territorial sea, of a State Party, and <o:p></o:p> (ii) in the exclusive economic zone of a= State Party, established in accordance with international law, or, if a State Par= ty has not established such a zone, in an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea of that State determined by that State in accordance with international law and extending not more than 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of its territorial sea is measured; <o:p><= /o:p> <p style=3D'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1= 8.0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.8;layout-grid-mode:char'>(b) to preventi= ve measures, wherever taken, to prevent or minimize such damage. <o:p></o:p></= span> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 3 </= span>(Liability of the shipowner) <o:p></o:p> 1. Except as provided in p= aragraphs 3 and 4, the shipowner at the time of an incident shall be liable for pollu= tion damage caused by any bunker oil on board or originating from the ship, prov= ided that, if an incident consists of a series of occurrences having the same origin, the liability shall attach to the shipowner at the time of the firs= t of such occurrences. <o:p></o:p> 2. Where more than one per= son is liable in accordance with paragraph 1, their liability shall be joint and several. <o:p></o:p> 3. No liability for pollut= ion damage shall attach to the shipowner if the shipowner proves that: <o:p></o= :p> (a) the dama= ge resulted from an act of war, hostilities, civil war, insurrection or a natu= ral phenomenon of an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible character; or <o:= p></o:p> (b) the dama= ge was wholly caused by an act or omission done with the intent to cause damag= e by a third party; or <o:p></o:p> (c) the dama= ge was wholly caused by the negligence or other wrongful act of any Government= or other authority responsible for the maintenance of lights or other navigati= onal aids in the exercise of that function. <o:p></o:p> 4. If the shipowner proves= that the pollution damage resulted wholly or partially either from an act or omission done with intent to cause damage by the person who suffered the da= mage or from the negligence of that person, the shipowner may be exonerated whol= ly or partially from liability to such person. <o:p></o:p> 5. No claim for compensati= on for pollution damage shall be made against the shipowner otherwise than in accordance with this Convention. <o:p></o:p> 6. Nothing in this Convent= ion shall prejudice any right of recourse of the shipowner which exists independently of this Convention. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 4 </= span>(Exclusions) <o:p></o:p> 1. This Convention shall n= ot apply to pollution damage as defined in the Civil Liability Convention, whe= ther or not compensation is payable in respect of it under that Convention. <o:p= ></o:p> 2. Except as provided in paragraph 3, the provisions of this Convention shall not apply to warships, naval auxiliary or other ships owned or operated by a State and used, for t= he time being, only on Government non-commercial service. <o:p></o:p></= p> 3. A State Party may decid= e to apply this Convention to its warships or other ships described in paragraph= 2, in which case it shall notify the Secretary-General thereof specifying the terms and conditions of such application. <o:p></o:p> 4. With respect to ships o= wned by a State Party and used for commercial purposes, each State shall be subj= ect to suit in the jurisdictions set forth in article 9 and shall waive all defences based on its status as a sovereign State. <o:p></o:p> <o:p></o:p> Article 5 </= span>(Incidents involving two or more ships) <o:p></o:p> When an inci= dent involving two or more ships occurs and pollution damage results therefrom, = the shipowners of all the ships concerned, unless exonerated under article 3, s= hall be jointly and severally liable for all such damage which is not reasonably separable. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 6 </= span>(Limitation of liability) <o:p></o:p> Nothing in t= his Convention shall affect the right of the shipowner and the person or persons providing insurance or other financial security to limit liability under any applicable national or international regime, such as the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976, as amended. <o:p></o:p><= /span> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 7&nb= sp; (Compulsory insurance or financial security) <o:p></o:p> 1. The registered owner of= a ship having a gross tonnage greater than 1000 registered in a State Party s= hall be required to maintain insurance or other financial security, such as the guarantee of a bank or similar financial institution, to cover the liability of the registered owner for pollution damage in an amount equal t= o the limits of liability under the applicable national or international limitati= on regime, but in all cases, not exceeding an amount calculated in accordance = with the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976, as amended. <o:p></o:p> 2. A certificate attesting= that insurance or other financial security is in force in accordance with the provisions of this Convention shall be issued to each ship after the appropriate authority of a State Party has determined that the requirements= of paragraph 1 have been complied with. With respect to a ship registere= d in a State Party such certificate shall be issued or certified by the appropri= ate authority of the State of the ship’s registry; with respect to a ship= not registered in a State Party it may be issued or certified by the appropriate authority of any State Party. This certificate shall be in the form of the model set out in the annex to this Convention and shall contain the followi= ng particulars: <o:p></o:p> (a) name of ship, distinctive num= ber or letters and port of registry; <o:p></o:p> (b) name and principal place of business of the registered owner; <o:p></o:p> (c) IMO ship identification numbe= r; <o:p></o:p> (d) type and duration of security= ; <o:p></o:p> (e) name and principal place of business of insurer or other person giving security and, where appropriate, place of business where the insurance or security is established; <o:p></o:= p> (f) period of validity of the certificate which shall not be longer than the period of validity of the insurance or other security. <o:p></o:p> <p style=3D'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:3= 6.0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-36.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>3. (a)<sp= an style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'> A State Party may authorize e= ither an institution or an organization recognized by it to issue the certificate referred to in paragraph 2. Such institution or organization shall inform t= hat State of the issue of each certificate. In all cases, the State Party shall fully guarantee the completeness and accuracy of the certificate so issued = and shall undertake to ensure the necessary arrangements to satisfy this obligation. <o:p></o:p> (b) A State Party shall notify the Secretary-General of : <o:p></o:p> (i) the spec= ific responsibilities and conditions of the authority delegated to an institutio= n or organization recognised by it; <o:p></o:p> (ii) the withdrawal of such authority; and <o:p></o:p> (iii) the da= te from which such authority or withdrawal of such authority takes effect. <o:= p></o:p> An authority delegated shall not take effe= ct prior to three months from the date on which notification to that effect was given to the Secretary-General. <o:p></o:p> (c) The institution or organization authorized to issue certificates in accordance with this paragraph shall, a= s a minimum, be authorized to withdraw these certificates if the conditions und= er which they have been issued are not maintained. In all cases the institution or organization shall report such withdrawal to the State on wh= ose behalf the certificate was issued. <o:p></o:p> 4. The certificate shall b= e in the official language or languages of the issuing State. If the language us= ed is not English, French or Spanish, the text shall include a translation into one of these languages and, where the State so decides, the official langua= ge of the State may be omitted. <o:p></o:p> 5. The certificate shall be carried on board the ship and a copy shall be deposited with the authorities who keep the record of the ship's registry or, if the ship is not registere= d in a State Party, with the authorities issuing or certifying the certificate. = <o:p></o:p> 6. An insurance or other financial security shall not satisfy the requirements of this article if it= can cease, for reasons other than the expiry of the period of validity of the insurance or security specified in the certificate under paragraph 2 of this article, before three months have elapsed from the date on which notice of = its termination is given to the authorities referred to in paragraph 5 of this article, unless the certificate has been surrendered to these authorities o= r a new certificate has been issued within the said period. The foregoing provisions shall similarly apply to any modification which results in the insurance or security no longer satisfying the requirements of this article= . <o:p></o:p> 7. The State of the ship&#= 8217;s registry shall, subject to the provisions of this article, determine the conditions of issue and validity of the certificate. <o:p></o:p> 8. Nothing in this Convent= ion shall be construed as preventing a State Party from relying on information obtained from other States or the Organization or other international organisations relating to the financial standing of providers of insurance = or financial security for the purposes of this Convention. In such cases, the State Party relying on such information is not relieved of its responsibili= ty as a State issuing the certificate required by paragraph 2. <o:p></o:p></sp= an> 9. Certificates issued or certified under the authority of a State Party shall be accepted by other States Parties for the purposes of this Convention and shall be regarded by other States Parties as having the same force as certificates issued or certified by them even if issued or certified in respect of a ship not registered in a State Party. A State Party may at any time request consulta= tion with the issuing or certifying State should it believe that the insurer or guarantor named in the insurance certificate is not financially capable of meeting the obligations imposed by this Convention. <o:p></o:p> 10. Any claim for compensation for poll= ution damage may be brought directly against the insurer or other person providing financial security for the registered owner’s liability for pollution damage. In such a case the defendant may invoke the defences (other than bankruptcy or winding up of the shipowner) which the shipowner would have b= een entitled to invoke, including limitation pursuant to article 6. Furthermore, even if the shipowner is not entitled to limitation of liabili= ty according to article 6, the defendant may limit liability to an amount equa= l to the amount of the insurance or other financial security required to be maintained in accordance with paragraph 1. Moreover, the defendant may invoke the defence that the pollution damage resulted from the wilful misconduct of the shipowner, but the defendant shall not invoke any other defence which the defendant might have been entitled to invoke in proceedin= gs brought by the shipowner against the defendant. The defendant shall in any event have the right to require the shipowner to be joined in the proceedings. <o:p></o:p> 11. A State Party shall not permit a sh= ip under its flag to which this article applies to operate at any time, unless= a certificate has been issued under paragraphs 2 or 14. <o:p></o:p></sp= an> 12. Subject to the provisions of this article, each State Party shall ensure, under its national law, that insura= nce or other security, to the extent specified in paragraph 1, is in force in respect of any ship having a gross tonnage greater than 1000, wherever registered, entering or leaving a port in its territory, or arriving at or leaving an offshore facility in its territorial sea. <o:p></o:p></spa= n> 13. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 5, a State Party may notify the Secretary-General that, for the purposes of paragraph 12, ships are not required to carry on board or to produce the certificate required by paragraph 2, when entering or leaving p= orts or arriving at or leaving from offshore facilities in its territory, provid= ed that the State Party which issues the certificate required by paragraph 2 h= as notified the Secretary-General that it maintains records in an electronic format, accessible to all States Parties, attesting the existence of the certificate and enabling States Parties to discharge their obligations under paragraph 12. <o:p></o:p> 14. If insurance or other financial sec= urity is not maintained in respect of a ship owned by a State Party, the provisio= ns of this article relating thereto shall not be applicable to such ship, but = the ship shall carry a certificate issued by the appropriate authority of the S= tate of the ship's registry stating that the ship is owned by that State and that the ship's liability is covered within the limit prescribed in accordance w= ith paragraph 1. Such a certificate shall follow as closely as possible the mod= el prescribed by paragraph 2. <o:p></o:p> 15. A State may, at the time of ratific= ation, acceptance, approval of, or accession to this Convention, or at any time thereafter, declare that this article does not apply to ships operating exclusively within the area of that State referred to in article 2(a)(i). <= o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 8 </= span>(Time limits) <o:p></o:p> Rights to compensation under this Convention shall be extinguished unless an action is brought thereunder within three years from the date when the damage occurre= d. However, in no case shall an action be brought more than six years from the date of the incident which caused the damage. Where the incident consists o= f a series of occurrences, the six years’ period shall run from the date = of the first such occurrence. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 9 </= span>(Jurisdiction) <o:p></o:p> 1. Where an incident has c= aused pollution damage in the territory, including the territorial sea, or in an = area referred to in article 2(a)(ii) of one or more States Parties, or preventive measures have been taken to prevent or minimise pollution damage in such territory, including the territorial sea, or in such area, actions for compensation against the shipowner, insurer or other person providing secur= ity for the shipowner's liability may be brought only in the courts of any such States Parties. <o:p></o:p> 2. Reasonable notice of any action taken under paragraph 1 shall be given to each defendant. <o:p></o:p= > 3. Each State Party shall = ensure that its courts have jurisdiction to entertain actions for compensation und= er this Convention. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 10 <= /span>(Recognition and enforcement) <o:p></o:p> 1. Any judgement given by a Court with jurisdiction in accordance with article 9 which is enforceable in the State of origin where it is no longer subject to ordinary forms of revi= ew, shall be recognised in any State Party, except: <o:p></o:p> (a) where the judgement was obtai= ned by fraud; or <o:p></o:p> (b) where the defendant was not g= iven reasonable notice and a fair opportunity to present his or her case. <o:p><= /o:p> 2. A judgement recognised = under paragraph 1 shall be enforceable in each State Party as soon as the formali= ties required in that State have been complied with. The formalities shall not permit the merits of the case to be re-opened. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 11 <= /span>(Supersession Clause) <o:p></o:p> This Convent= ion shall supersede any Convention in force or open for signature, ratification= or accession at the date on which this Convention is opened for signature, but only to the extent that such Convention would be in conflict with it; howev= er, nothing in this article shall affect the obligations of States Parties to States not party to this Convention arising under such Convention. <o:p></o= :p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 12 <= /span>(Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and accession) <o:p= ></o:p> 1. This Convention shall b= e open for signature at the Headquarters of the Organization from 1 October 2001 u= ntil 30 September 2002 and shall thereafter remain open for accession. <o:p></o:= p> 2. States may express their consent to be bound by this Convention by: <o:p></o:p> (a) signature without reservation= as to ratification, acceptance or approval; <o:p></o:p> (b) signature subject to ratifica= tion, acceptance or approval followed by ratification, acceptance or approval; or= <o:p></o:p> (c) accession. <o:p></o:p>= 3. Ratification, acceptanc= e, approval or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effe= ct with the Secretary-General. <o:p></o:p> 4. Any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited after the entry i= nto force of an amendment to this Convention with respect to all existing State Parties, or after the completion of all measures required for the entry into force of the amendment with respect to those State Parties shall be deemed = to apply to this Convention as modified by the amendment. <o:p></o:p></= p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 13 <= /span>(States with more than one system of law) <o:p></o:p> 1. If a State has two or m= ore territorial units in which different systems of law are applicable in relat= ion to matters dealt with in this Convention, it may at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession declare that this Convention shall extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them and may modify this declaration by submitting another declaration at any time. = <o:p></o:p> 2. Any such declaration sh= all be notified to the Secretary-General and shall state expressly the territorial units to which this Convention applies. <o:p></o:p> 3. In relation to a State = Party which has made such a declaration: <o:p></o:p> (a) in the definition of “registered owner” in article 1(4), references to a State shall= be construed as references to such a territorial unit; <o:p></o:p> (b) references to the State of a ship’s registry and, in relation to a compulsory insurance certificat= e, to the issuing or certifying State, shall be construed as referring to the territorial unit respectively in which the ship is registered and which iss= ues or certifies the certificate; <o:p></o:p> (c) references in this Convention= to the requirements of national law shall be construed as references to the requirements of the law of the relevant territorial unit; and <o:p></o:p></= span> (d) references in articles 9 and = 10 to courts, and to judgements which must be recognized in States Parties, shall be construed as references respectively to courts of, and to judgemen= ts which must be recognized in, the relevant territorial unit. <o:p></o:p></sp= an> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 14 <= /span>(Entry into force) <o:p></o:p> 1. This Convention shall e= nter into force one year following the date on which eighteen States, including = five States each with ships whose combined gross tonnage is not less than 1 mill= ion, have either signed it without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval or have deposited instruments of ratification, acceptance, approva= l or accession with the Secretary?General. <o:p></o:p> 2. For any State which rat= ifies, accepts, approves or accedes to it after the conditions in paragraph 1 for entry into force have been met, this Convention shall enter into force three months after the date of deposit by such State of the appropriate instrument. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 15 <= /span>(Denunciation) <o:p></o:p> 1. This Convention may be denounced by any State Party at any time after the date on which this Convention comes into force for that State. <o:p></o:p> 2. Denunciation shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument with the Secretary-General. <o:p><= /o:p> 3. A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer period as may be specified in the instrument of denunciation, after its deposit with the Secretary-General. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 16 <= /span>(Revision or amendment) <o:p></o:p> 1. A conference for the pu= rpose of revising or amending this Convention may be convened by the Organization= . <o:p></o:p> 2. The Organization shall convene a conference of the States Parties for revising or amending this Convention at the request of not less than one-third of the States Parties.= <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 17 <= /span>(Depositary) <o:p></o:p> 1. This Convention shall be deposited with the Secretary-General. <o:p></o:p> 2. The Secretary-General s= hall: <o:p></o:p> (a) inform all States which have = signed or acceded to this Convention of: <o:p></o:p> (i) each = new signature or deposit of instrument together with the date thereof; <o= :p></o:p> (ii) the date of= entry into force of this Convention; <o:p></o:p> (iii) the deposit of any instrument of denunciation of this Convention together with the date of the deposit and the date on which the denunciation takes effect; and <o:p= ></o:p> (iv) other declaration= s and notifications made under this Convention. <o:p></o:p> (b) transmit certified true copie= s of this Convention to all Signatory States and to all States which accede to t= his Convention. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 18 <= /span>(Transmission to United Nations) <o:p></o:p> As soon as t= his Convention comes into force, the text shall be transmitted by the Secretary-General to the Secretariat of the United Nations for registration= and publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> <= /o:p> Article 19 <= /span>(Languages) <o:p></o:p> This Convent= ion is established in a single original in the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish languages, each text being equally authentic. <o:p></o:= p> Done at Lond= on this twenty-third day of March, two thousand and one.<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p= > <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> 辯༺= 8;附件三<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p= > 海ࢇ= 0;法第21<= /span>條:<o= :p></o:p> <pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideo= graph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>船舶所有人對下= 列事項所負之責任，= 0197;本次航行之船舶價ࠆ= 0;、運費及其他附屬費&= #28858;限：<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>一、 = ; 在船上、操作船= 舶或救助工作直接所= 3268;人身傷亡或財物毀ਁ= 3;滅失之損害賠償。<s= pan lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>二、 = ; 船舶操作或救助= 工作所致權益侵害之= 5613;害賠償。但不包括ࢰ= 0;契約關係所生之損害&= #36064;償。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>三、 = ; 沈船或落海之打= 撈移除所生之債務。= 0294;不包括依契約之報ຊ= 8;或給付。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>四、 = ; 為避免或減輕前= 二款責任所負之債務= 2290;<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-28.4pt;tab-stops:13.9pt;layout-grid-mode:char'>前項所稱船舶所= 有人，包括船舶所有= 7402;人、船舶承租人、ಎ= 7;理人及營運人。<o:p>= </o:p></pre> <o:p> </o:p= > 海ࢇ= 0;法第22<= /span>條:<o= :p></o:p> <pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.= 9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>前條&= #36012;任限制之規定，於= 979;列情形不適用之：= <o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>一、&= #26412;於船舶所有人本人= 043;故意或過失所生之債= ;務。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>二、&= #26412;於船長、海員及其= 182;服務船舶之人員之僱= ;用契約所生之債務。</= span><o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>三、&= #25937;助報酬及共同海損= 998;擔額。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>四、&= #33337;舶運送毒性化學物$= 074;或油污所生損害之賠= ;償。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>五、&= #33337;舶運送核子物質或= 290;料發生核子事故所生= ;損害之賠償。<o:p>= </o:p></pre><pre style=3D'text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;tab-stops:13.9pt; layout-grid-mode:char'>六、&= #26680;能動力船舶所生核= 376;損害之賠償。<o:p>= </o:p></pre></div> </body> </html> ------=_NextPart_01CAF07B.24A112E0 Content-Location: file:///C:/BB993F76/file2646.files/header.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" <html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"> <meta name=3DProgId content=3DWord.Document> <meta name=3DGenerator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name=3DOriginator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11"> <link id=3DMain-File rel=3DMain-File href=3D"../file2646.htm"> <![if IE]> <base href=3D"file:///C:\BB993F76\file2646.files\header.htm" id=3D"webarch_temp_base_tag"> <![endif]> </head> <body lang=3DZH-TW link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple> <div style=3D'mso-element:footnote-separator' id=3Dfs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1 width=3D"33%"> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:footnote-continuation-separator' id=3Dfcs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:endnote-separator' id=3Des> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1 width=3D"33%"> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:endnote-continuation-separator' id=3Decs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:header' id=3Dh1> <= o:p> </o:p> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:footer' id=3Df1> 7<o:p></o:= p> </div> </body> </html> ------=_NextPart_01CAF07B.24A112E0 Content-Location: file:///C:/BB993F76/file2646.files/filelist.xml Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/xml; 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